日本では、雑貨扱いのアロマオイル（精油）
知っていますか？
アロマオイルは日本では、雑貨扱いなのです！
最近、アロマオイルは認知症にいいなど話題ですよね。
でも、雑貨ということは規制がゆるいということになります。
となると・・・粗悪なものもたくさん。
今日は、アロマオイルの歴史やそもそもアロマオイルって何？などについて書きます。
昨日は、「【ペットの悩み】においが気になる」を書きました。
消臭のためにアロマオイルなどをお使いの方もいらっしゃるかもしれませんが、今日は、嗅覚の話や実は危険なアロマのお話をします。
今日の内容
目次
アロマテラピーとは
芳香植物から抽出した精油を用いて心と身体とのバランスをとり、本来持っている自然治癒力を高める自然療法。
CAM（Complementary and Alternative Medicine ）補充代替医療の１種。
アロマテラピーの歴史
アロマセラピーの歴史は、古代エジプトの時代までさかのぼります。
古代エジプトの人々は精油のもととなる芳香植物を医療目的、美容目的、宗教儀式などに用いられていました。ミイラをつくる際も防腐処置として芳香植物を使っていたといわれています。
アロマセラピーという語の語源は、近代アロマセラピーの父といわれているルネ＝モーリス・ガットフォセ（フランス）が植物の芳香成分（アロマ）を用いる療法に「Aromatherapie（アロマテラピー）」と1928年頃から提唱し、1937年に著書の題名として使用されたために広く使われるようになったといわれています。
アロマセラピーという言葉は、Aroma（芳香）、Therapy（療法）という2つの言葉を合わせた造語。
日本のアロマテラピー
日本にアロマセラピーが言葉が紹介されたのは、英国のアロマセラピストであるロバート・ティスランドが1977年に出版した「The Art of Aromatherapy」が、1985年に「芳香療法の理論と実際：高山林太郎訳」として出版されたのがきっかけだといわれています。
平安時代には、薫物（たきもの）といわれる香りを楽しむものがあり、源氏物語の中にも登場しています。
アニマルアロマセラピーの歴史
アラビア地方では、馬やラクダに対して古くから植物の芳香成分が利用されていたと推測されています。
乗馬などが盛んな英国では、Caroline Ingraham により1980年代から馬に対する精油の利用されていた。
日本の競走馬の治療にも、鍼灸などは古くから利用され、近年は精油も使用され始めているようです。
ペットのアロマテラピー
私たちと共に暮らすペットのアロマテラピーは、1993年フランスの自然療法士 ネリー・グロジャン Nelly Gros jeanがフランス語の著書を出版したのが最初。
翌年の1994年 「Neterinary Aromatherapy」（動物のアロマセラピー）として英訳されて全世界に紹介されたのがはじまりだといわれています。
ペットのアロマテラピーについては「ペットにアロマテラピーは安全なの？」で書いています。
アロマオイル（精油）とは
精油は、植物の果皮や花、葉、種子、あるいは樹脂などから採取される脂溶性・揮発性のある科学物質の濃縮物です。
植物には、二次的に生成される物質は２万を超えるといわれています。
- 抗微生物作用のフィトアレキシン
- 有害昆虫などの外敵から身を守る物質
- 花粉を運んでもらうために虫を引き寄せる誘因物質
- 周りのものを枯らしてしまう物質
これらの物質から、健康促進や治療に役立つ物質を目的別に使用されています
何にいいというよりもこの精油のこのような点に注意が必要というのを意識して使っていただきたいです。
精油の薬理作用
様々な薬理作用もあります。
- 鎮静・抗痙攣作用
- 皮膚疾患への作用 痒み止め
- 抗菌作用
- 免疫力
- 抗炎症作用
濃縮度も高いので、一歩間違うと大変な副作用もあります。
専門的な説明は「精油の薬理作用」で説明
精油の選び方
雑貨扱いの日本では、精油の選び方がとても難しいです。
自分の嗅覚が一番だと思いますが、目安になることを書いてみます。
（あくまでも私の個人的な見解です）
1.価格
良質な精油の入手は、非常に困難であることを知ってもらいたいです。
バラの精油では、3,000kg の花びらから収量できるオイルはわずか 1kg ほどのものもあります。
このことから考えても安価なものはそれなりの品質だと思っていいと思われます。
ただ、高いからといって良質だとは限りません。
高品質の正しい精油を選択するには、宣伝を鵜呑みにすることなく、正しい情報を取捨選択できる技量が要求されます。
2.日本は雑貨扱い
日本は残念なことに精油は雑貨扱いで販売できます。
良質な精油を探すのはとても困難なことを頭に置いておいてください。
精油のすべてが雑貨扱いであることから、使用は自己責任が原則になります。
3.香り
芳香剤のような異様にいい香りのものは疑わしいと思って間違いないと思います。
本物の精油は意外と青臭い感じのものも多いです。（私の見解）
良質な香りを嗅いでその香りを記憶することをおすすめします。
4.添付のデータも疑わしい
添付データは目安にはなります。
添付データやロット番号があるから安心と考えるのも危険です。
5.保管状態
遮光瓶に入っていなくて、棚に直接商品が並んでいる製品よりも箱に入っているか奥の棚などに保管してある商品を販売してくれるお店から購入しましょう。
ご自宅の保存状態も精油を安全に使うに大切です。
じゃあ、どうすればいいの？
信用できるセラピストさんをみつけて、その方が使っている精油を紹介してもらいましょう。
協会に所属している方は、協会の精油を使っている方が多いです。
まとめ
今日は、精油の選び方などについて書きました。
自然療法だからって安全とは限りません。
そこらへんのことは明日書きます。
参考
- 「アニマルアロマセラピー講座テキスト」日本アニマルアロマセラピー協会
- JーAWAテキスト
- 「愛しのペットアロマセラピー」クリステン・レイ・ベル
- アロマテラピー検定試験 1級・２級に一回で合格するための問題集
- 「イヌやネコを愛する人のためのペットの自然療法辞典」バーバラ・フィジェール
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