暑い夏、猫の熱中症も気をつけて
今年は、例年より早い梅雨明けでしたね。
梅雨が明けると本格的な夏が始まります。
夏の暑さは年々厳しくなっていますね。
これは、人だけでなく猫も一緒です。
人間のようにうまく身体の熱を発散できない猫にとって、熱中症は命取りになります。
本日は、愛猫が快適に、そして健康に夏を越せるように、猫の熱中症対策について書きます。
目次
猫の熱中症はわかりにくい、見逃さないで！
猫の熱中症の前に人の熱中症の多い症状
人の熱中症 症状
- 顔のほてりやめまい
- 触れてわかるほどに体温が高い
- 吐き気がある、嘔吐をする
- 異常なほど汗をかく、またはまったく汗が出ない
- 筋肉のけいれん、筋肉痛
- 水が飲めないほど朦朧としている
- 体温の上昇に伴って皮膚が赤く変化する
人の熱中症はわかりやすいですが、
猫の熱中症はこういう症状が、初期の段階ではほとんど現れません。
それに猫は体調不良を隠すのがとても上手だから。
人と同じような症状が出た時はすでに重篤な状態の可能性もあります。
猫の熱中症サインを見落とさないようにしましょう。
猫にこんな症状がでたら熱中症を疑おう
室内の温度が30度を超えると、猫が熱中症になる可能性が高くなり、高齢や長毛の猫は30度以下の場合でも熱中症になる可能性があります。
暑いな、と感じた日は以下のような症状が出ていないかよく注意してください。
猫の熱中症、初期にみられる症状
- 口を開けて荒い呼吸をしている（パンティング）
- ごはんを食べない
- ウロウロとして落ち着きがない
- 目の粘膜や耳、口の中がいつもより赤い
「ただ暑がっているだけ」と思いがちな症状が多いですが、軽視するのは危険！
体の小さい猫はあっという間に熱中症が重症化する恐れがあります。
猫は犬のように、口を開けて呼吸をしません。ハアハアと口呼吸をしているときは要注意！
猫の熱中症、中度のときにみられる症状
- 嘔吐や下痢をしている
- 全身を硬くして震える
- ヨロヨロと歩いたりふらついたりきちんと歩けない
- 体温が40度以上ある
- 心拍数の増加
体温は体に触れて感じるよりもずっと高温になっている可能性があります。
必ず肛門から検温して正確な体温を計ってください。
猫の平熱は、肛門での測定で38℃台です。
猫の熱中症、重度のときにみられる症状
- けいれんを起こしている
- ぐったりとしていて動かない
- 意識が無い
けいれんをしている場合はもちろん、呼びかけに反応しないような場合は大至急動物病院に連れて行きましょう。
熱中症になったときの応急処置
熱中症と思われる症状が出たら、ただちに日の当たらない涼しい場所に移動させ、すぐに次の手順で応急処置をして、体を冷やします。
できれば動物病院に連絡し、応急処置についてアドバイスを受けることをおすすめします。
1. ただちに日の当たらない涼しい場所に移動
すぐに涼しい場所に移動させてください。
クーラーをつけていなかったらクーラーをつけてください。
２．保冷剤で首、脇を冷やす
タオルなどでくるんだ保冷剤で、太い血管がある首や四股などを冷やす。
首を冷やすのは、頭部へ流れる血液の温度が上昇しないようにする対策の一例です
腋の下、四肢の付け根なども冷やすと、動脈血が冷却されて、体温が下がりやすくなります。
※保冷剤を直接あてると猫が凍傷になる恐れがあります。
保冷剤は必ず布でくるんでください。
※あまりにも冷たすぎるのも血管を急速に収縮させてしまう恐れがあります。
※アルコールの「気化熱」を利用して、アルコールスプレーを身体に吹き付けて熱を逃がす方法も一説にはありますが、臨床的効果は実証されておらず引火性や粘膜刺激性があるため、推奨はされません。
３．濡れたタオルで体をくるむ
濡れたタオルで体をくるんで冷やします。
すぐに体温でタオルが温まるので、タオルを交換しながら繰り返し行います。
霧吹きで水を吹きかけるのも効果的です。
もし水に濡れるのを嫌がらない猫であれば、直接水をかけてもよいでしょう。
４．風を送る
猫の体に直接風があたらないように気を付けながら風を送り、水分を気化させます。
エアコンも一緒に使うといいでしょう。
扇風機がない場合、うちわや扇子などであおぎましょう。
５．水を飲ませる
一気にではなく、少しずつ水を飲ませてあげましょう。
一気に飲むことで消化器に負担を与えたり、誤嚥をしたりしないように注意が必要です。
食欲があるようならウェットフードも効果的！
意識のない猫、自分で水を飲めないくらい弱っている猫は、無理に水を飲ませると誤嚥の危険があります。
水を含ませた布やコットンで舌を濡らす程度にしましょう。
意識が怪しいと感じたら、必ず、そしてできる限り早く動物病院に連れて行きましょう。
体温の下げ過ぎには注意！
あまり冷やしすぎるのも危険！
上記２～５の体温を下げる手当てをすると猫の体温は徐々に低下し、38℃くらいで手当てをやめても、その後も体温は低下します。
39℃以下になる前に手当ては中止しましょう。
猫の体温は直腸に体温計を差し入れて測定すると正確に測れます。
ふだんから飼い主さんが行っている場合は測定してもよいと思いますが、もし、測り慣れていなければ、猫の体が冷たいと感じたら冷やすのを中止し、必ず動物病院に連れて行きましょう。
病院での治療方法と治療費
猫が熱中症で動物病院にかかった場合、どのような治療をするのでしょうか？また、治療費はどのくらいかかるのでしょうか。合併症などとあわせて解説します。
治療方法
熱中症の程度や猫の状態によって治療方法は変わりますが、一般的には次のような治療や検査が行われます。
- 体を冷やす
- 輸液（点滴）
- 酸素吸入
- 血液検査／身体検査／レントゲンなどの検査
- ステロイド剤などの投薬
- 糖分の投与
- 入院（症状が重い場合）
治療費は、一般的には5,000円～10,000円くらいと言われています。
レントゲンなどの検査をした場合は、治療費も高額になります。
後遺症と死亡率
熱中症が重度であった場合、必要な血液が臓器や組織に行き渡らない循環不全により脳や組織が酸欠を起こし、次のような合併症や後遺症を生じる場合があります。
- 心不全
- 急性腎障害
- 呼吸不全
- 中枢神経の障害
- 消化器の障害
死亡率は、36～46％になると言われています。
熱中症になりやすい猫種、年齢、体質
ペルシャやヒマラヤン、ブリティッシュショートヘアなどの鼻が短い猫の種類を「短頭種」といいます。
短頭種の猫は、呼吸による体温調節が苦手なため、熱中症になってしまうリスクが高いです。
メインクーンやラグドール、ペルシャなどの長毛種は熱がこもることが原因で熱中症になります。
ブラッシングをしていれば熱を逃しやすくなりますが、それでも短毛種よりも熱がこもりやすいので注意してあげましょう。
こういう猫は注意が必要！
- 子猫
- 高齢の猫
- 肥満の猫
- 持病がある猫
子猫や高齢の猫は体温調節が上手にできません。
飼い主さんが管理をしっかりしてあげてください。
心臓病や慢性腎不全のほか、呼吸器や循環器系の持病がある猫は熱中症にかかりやすい傾向にあります。手術直後など、療養中で自由に動けない猫も要注意です。
また、太った猫は、皮下脂肪に体内の熱をためやすいため、熱中症のリスクが高まります。
内臓に負担がかかって急激に病状が悪化する可能性もありますので注意してあげましょう。
熱中症予報
アニコムが熱中症予報をSNSで拡散（毎週 木曜日更新）
●配信SNS
Instagram（https://www.instagram.com/anicom8256/）
Twitter（https://twitter.com/anicom_inc）
Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/anicomgroup/）
LINE (https://page.line.me/anicom)
●「猫の熱中症週間予報」配信期間
2022年6月23日（木）～９月29日（木）
猫の熱中症のまとめ
今年の夏も暑くなりそう。
人の熱中症と一緒に猫の熱中症も注意してください。
次回は、熱中症の対策について書きます。
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