ペットの「低温やけど」ご注意を！
この時期、ストーブの前を占領しているペットやこたつで丸まっている猫の写真や動画を見るとほっこりしますよね。
でもちょっと待って！！
人間の場合も、電気ストーブやカイロには、「ご使用に際して、低温やけどに気をつけましょう！」などという注意書きが書かれていますよね。
実は、愛犬、愛猫も同じなのです。
今日は低温やけどの注意点などについて書きます。
低温やけどとは？
低温やけどとは、湯たんぽやホットカーペットなど多少触れた程度では問題ない40～50度程度のものに、長時間同じ部位が長時間接触することで生じるやけどのこと。
犬や猫の場合は、だいたい44℃～50℃程度です。
しかし低温やけどは、ゆっくりと進行するため気づきにくく、気づいたときにはすでに重症化している場合もあります。
通常のやけどに比べて治りが遅く、痛みが長期化しやすいのが特徴です。
ちなみに人間の場合でも、44℃の熱源に3～4時間、46℃の熱源に1時間程度の間、継続的に接触していると低温やけどになると言われています。
ペットの低温やけど
犬や猫の被毛は体温調節や外部の刺激から体を守る役割があります。
被毛があることで皮膚に熱さが伝わりにくくなってしまい火傷の原因になってしまうことも。さらに低温やけどになっても被毛があるために飼い主さんが気づかないことも多いです。
日頃から愛犬、愛猫の皮膚のチェックは大切ですが、
特に暖房器具を使用する時期にはこまめに、そして念入りに皮膚をチェックするように心掛けるようにしてください。
具体的に気を付けていただきたい暖房器具
ホットカーペット
ペットヒーター
こたつ
湯たんぽ
ストーブ など
これらの熱源に、ワンちゃんや猫ちゃんの身体が長時間、直接接触または接近しすぎることで、低温やけどが起こります。
やけどのレベル
やけどのレベルは、以下の4段階に分かれています。
- Ⅰ度熱傷：軽いやけど、皮膚の表面（表皮）が赤くなってヒリヒリする状態
- Ⅱ度熱傷：皮膚が赤くなり、水ぶくれができて痛がる状態
- Ⅲ度熱傷：真皮の深い部分までやけどが到達。感染症を起こす可能性もある危険な状態
- Ⅳ度熱傷：骨や筋肉など、深い部位までダメージを受けた状態
一般的に低温やけどは軽症の場合が多いです。
触れている時間が長時間になればなるほどじわじわと皮膚の深いところに達し、重症化します。
Ⅰ度熱傷
軽いやけど、皮膚の表面（表皮）が赤くなってヒリヒリする状態。痕も残らず数日で完治することが多い
Ⅱ度熱傷
皮膚が赤くなり、水ぶくれができて痛がる状態。
愛犬、愛猫が同じ部位を気にして舐め続けてたり、または特定の場所を触ると嫌がるような場合は、このレベルの低温やけどの可能性がある。治るまでには1～2週間が必要
Ⅲ度熱傷
真皮の深い部分までやけどが到達。
皮膚の壊死や神経の損傷により、感染症を起こす可能性もある危険な状態。
神経が損傷されている場合は、痛みを殆ど感じられなくなっています。
治るまでには1ヶ月程度の期間が必要になり、痕が残ることも多いです。
Ⅳ度熱傷
骨や筋肉など、深い部位までダメージを受けた状態。
神経が損傷しているので、ほとんど痛みを感じていません。
治療には1ヶ月以上が必要になります。
皮膚がケロイド状になってしまった場合は、皮膚の移植手術を行う場合もあります。
低温やけどの兆候
こんな様子が見られたら、低温やけどを発症しているかもしれません。
- 同じ場所を気にしてずっと舐める
- 特定の場所を触ると嫌がる
- 皮膚が赤くなっている
- 皮膚に水ぶくれができている
- 皮膚がめくれている
- 一部のみ体毛が禿げている
同じ場所ばかり舐めているときは、その部位に何らかのトラブルがあるのかもしれません。
低温やけどをしたら、まずは濡れたタオルや氷袋で患部を10分以上冷やし、すぐに動物病院に連れていきましょう。
低温やけどの治療
動物病院では、患部を冷やしながら消毒をし、状態にあわせて抗生物質や抗炎症剤などの内科的治療を行います。
そして、「湿潤療法」と呼ばれる患部を乾燥させない治療を行います。
やけどが広範囲に及んで脱水症状を起こしている場合は、点滴も行います。
皮膚がただれてケロイド状になってしまった場合は、皮膚移植などの外科的治療が必要なこともあります。
家庭では、ペットが治療中の患部を舐めたり触ったりしないように、エリザベスカラーを着用したり、服を着せるなどして対応します。
低温やけどの予防
- ヒーター・カーペット・湯たんぽなどを使用する場合は直接体が触れないように専用のカバーや毛布などを巻くようにする。
- ホットカーペットは設定温度を38度程度にする
- タイマー機能が付いている場合は使用する
- こたつは定期的に布団をあげるなどして、中の温度を下げる
- ストーブの前にガードなどを設置して、熱源に近寄れないようにする
- 暖房器具のそばに長時間いたら、抱っこするなどして移動させる
- ケージなどでヒーターを使用する場合は、必ず逃げ場を作る
- 定期的に皮膚の状態をチェックする
- 老齢や幼齢で、あまり動けずに長時間同じ寝床で過ごす場合は、電気を使わない温かい寝床（ペット用ベッドや毛布などの活用）とエアコンによる防寒を行う
- 暖房器具以外でペットが温かく過ごせるように環境を整えることも重要
ペットの低温やけどのまとめ
・44℃～50℃程度の熱源に長時間触れていると、低温やけどになるリスクが高い
・愛犬や愛猫がやけどをしても、被毛で飼い主様も気付きづらいので注意が必要
・軽度～中程度のやけどの場合は痛みを伴うため、行動から察知できる
・重度のやけどの場合は痛みを感じないため、行動からは察知しづらい
・愛犬愛猫の防寒対策は、使用する暖房器具それぞれの使用方法や特徴をよく理解して対策を施す
・できれば寝床とエアコンでの防寒対策が安心
ホットカーペット、湯たんぽなど一見安全に見える防寒グッズですが、使い方を間違えると低温やけどの原因になります。
ペット用の防寒グッズは様々な種類があります。
正しく安全に使用して、寒い冬を快適に過ごしましょう！
次回は、猫が抱きついてくるときの３つの気持ちをお伝えします。
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